Abstract

We briefly review the current status of underrepresented minorities in science and engineering: The underrepresentation of Black-, Hispanic-, and Native-Americans is an order of magnitude problem, especially in the physical sciences and engineering disciplines. We then discuss lessons learned from more than a decade of the Fisk-Vanderbilt Masters-to-PhD Bridge program, as a successful model for addressing this problem. Since 2004 the program has admitted more than 130 students, 90% of them underrepresented minorities (50% female), with a PhD completion rate of 85%. The program has become the top producer of African American master's degrees in physics, and is the top producer of minority PhDs in astronomy, materials science, and physics. We summarize three core strategies: (1) replacing the GRE in admissions with indicators that are better predictive of long-term success, (2) partnering with a minority-serving institution for student training through collaborative research, and (3) using the master’s degree as a deliberate stepping stone to the PhD with a wrap-around mentoring model. We show how misuse of the GRE in graduate admissions may by itself in large part explain the ongoing underrepresentation of minorities in PhD programs, and we describe our alternate methods to identify talented individuals most likely to succeed. We describe a mentoring model and toolkit which may be utilized to enhance the success of all PhD students.